Franzen, NoraNoraFranzenHarten, Wim H. vanWim H. vanHartenRetèl, Valesca P.Valesca P.RetèlLoskill, PeterPeterLoskillEijnden-van Raaij, A.J.M. van denA.J.M. van denEijnden-van RaaijIjzerman, Maarten J.Maarten J.Ijzerman2022-03-052022-03-052019https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/25795210.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.003Healthcare systems are faced with the challenge of providing innovative treatments, while shouldering high drug costs that pharmaceutical companies justify by the high costs of R&D. An emergent technology that could transform R&D efficiency is organ-on-a-chip. The technology bridges the gap between preclinical testing and human trials through better predictive models, significantly impacting R&D costs. Here, we present an expert survey on the future role of organ-on-a-chip in drug discovery and its potential quantitative impact. We find that the technology has the potential to reduce R&D costs significantly, driven by changes in direct costs, success rates and the length of the R&D process. Finally, we discuss regulatory challenges to efficiency improvements.en660615610620journal article