Under CopyrightKrolpfeifer, Dara MariaGergeleit, LauraJacobs, LeifLeifJacobsStöwhase, SvenSvenStöwhaseQuack, LaraLaraQuackRebaudo, MaraMaraRebaudoScherer, MarleneMarleneSchererKöckeis, JohannesJohannesKöckeisJacob, KlausKlausJacobFahl, UlrichUlrichFahlAltstadt, AlexanderAlexanderAltstadt2024-11-262024-11-262024https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-3813https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/47928210.24406/publica-3813The policy paper was developed as part of the research project "Verteilungswirkungen einer Verkehrswende (VERVE)". It examines the social and ecological distributional effects of environmental policy instruments in Germany's transport sector. The goal is to develop a transport policy that integrates social justice with ecological sustainability. Using microsimulations, the paper analyses existing distributional effects and evaluates the impacts of instruments such as CO2 pricing, reforms to the distance allowance, and the promotion of local public transport. The findings indicate that ecological measures often lead to fewer social conflicts of interest than commonly assumed. The concept highlights the importance of reflecting true costs and protecting vulnerable groups through compensation mechanisms. Recommendations for action include promoting low-emission mobility and gradually reducing subsidies to prioritise sustainable infrastructure development. The paper concludes with a summary assessment of the 33 instruments analysed, which are intended to support both environmental protection and social inclusion.enpaper