Moseler, M.M.MoselerCervantes-Sodi, F.F.Cervantes-SodiHofmann, S.S.HofmannCsanyi, G.G.CsanyiFerrari, A.C.A.C.Ferrari2022-03-042022-03-042010https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/22361910.1021/nn102118yWe study the restructuring of solid nickel catalyst nanoparticles during carbon nanotube growth by environmental transmission electron microscopy and multiscale modeling. Our molecular dynamics/continuum transport calculations of surface-diffusion-mediated restructuring are in quantitative agreement with the experimentally observed catalyst shape evolutions. The restructuring time scale is determined by reduced Ni diffusion through the stepped Ni-C interface region where the catalyst surface strongly anchors to the growing nanotube.en620540journal article