Eßer, AnkeAnkeEßerSensfuß, FrankFrankSensfußAmann, ChristofChristofAmannHernandez Inarra, PatxiPatxiHernandez Inarra2022-03-072022-03-072016https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/298142This study has been a relevant input to the review of the primary energy factor (PEF) for electricity, in the context of the Energy Efficiency Directive 27/2012/EU. The authors focus on four calculation methods following exchange with the European Commission's services, Member States representatives and European associations.en303600study