CC BY 4.0Speck, HenriHenriSpeckLandmann, MartinMartinLandmannRamm, RolandRolandRammHeist, StefanStefanHeistKühmstedt, PeterPeterKühmstedtNotni, GuntherGuntherNotni2025-10-102025-10-102026https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/497226https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-570810.1016/j.measurement.2025.11906810.24406/publica-57082-s2.0-105016871678Transparent, translucent, jet-black, and highly reflective objects pose major challenges for 3D sensing based on visible or near-infrared pattern projection. They either need laborious surface preparation, e.g. spraying, or cannot be digitized at all. The “shape from heating” approach overcomes these limitations by projecting patterns in the thermal infrared. The absorbed radiation creates a heat pattern that is re-emitted and captured by two mid-wave infrared cameras in stereo arrangement. This paper reports on the experimental realization of a thermal 3D sensor employing sequential fringe projection. The system is characterized for accuracy and acquisition speed according VDI/VDE guideline 2634 part 2, and a dedicated test artifact is introduced to benchmark the thermal sensor against conventional 3D metrology solutions. In addition, we investigate various scanning strategies and analyze how they affect the resulting 3D data quality.entrue3D surface measurementInfrared camerasNon-cooperative objectsSensor characterizationThermal sequential fringe projectionjournal article