Zapara, M.M.ZaparaAugenstein, E.E.AugensteinHelm, D.D.Helm2022-03-052022-03-052014https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/24266410.1002/pamm.201410492In the present paper a practically relevant extension of the known modelling methods with regard to the description of forming limits of steels typically used in the cold bulk forming is developed and implemented in a commercial finite element code Abaqus. The modeling approach is based on the so-called micromechanical damage concepts which represent the microstructure evolution more detailed than phenomenological models and, therefore, provide better prediction of damage and failure during the forming process. Particularly, the well-known damage models of Gurson as well as Gologanu-Leblond are considered. It is shown that in combination with fracture criteria such models are able to describe failure in bulk forming.enmetalsbulk formingvoidsdamagefailuresimulations510journal article