Erhorn, HansHansErhornErhorn-Kluttig, HeikeHeikeErhorn-Kluttig2022-03-052022-03-052016https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/24797110.12910/EAI2016-032With the adoption of the recast Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) in 2010 (Directive 2010/31/EU), the building industry and the European Member States (MS) faced new tough challenges. One of the most prominent among them is the progress towards new and retrofitted Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEB) by 2021 (2019 in the case of public buildings).en690journal article