Under CopyrightZetten, Jolien vanJolien vanZettenLau, Ying YingYing YingLauLiedtke, ChristopherChristopherLiedtkeLindner, RenéRenéLindnerFykse, Else-MarieElse-MarieFyksePastuszka, Hans-MartinHans-MartinPastuszka2022-03-0813.12.20192016https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/29997910.24406/publica-fhg-299979Most commonly, standards are initiated and developed by stakeholders participating in standardisation committees, while the process is facilitated by a standards body. In contrast to this bottom-up approach, the development of standards can also be requested by authorities through Programming Initiatives, a so-called top-down approach. This deliverable (D1.2) focuses on this top-down approach, and presents a review and analysis of the processes and methodologies of past Programming Initiatives.enprogramming InitiativeProgramming Mandatesprocessmethodologyreview620report