Gazdag, Stefan-LukasStefan-LukasGazdagGrundner-Culemann, SophiaSophiaGrundner-CulemannHeider, TobiasTobiasHeiderHerzinger, DanielDanielHerzingerSchärtl, FelixFelixSchärtlCho, Joo YeonJoo YeonChoGuggemos, TobiasTobiasGuggemosLoebenberger, DanielDanielLoebenberger2023-09-282023-09-282023https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/45109610.1007/978-3-031-30731-7_12-s2.0-85152527767Despite considerable progress in theoretical post-quantum cryptography we have yet to see significant advances in its practical adoption. The necessary protocol modifications need to be identified, implemented and tested; good solutions need to be standardized and finally adopted in the real world. This work executes the first steps needed to standardize quantum-proof Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) on Layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model employing the MACsec/MKA and IPsec/IKEv2 protocols, respectively. We identify requirements and assemble a list of ideal features, discuss difficulties and possible solutions, point out our standardization efforts, and provide the results of some sample implementations for both layers.enIPsecMACsecPost-quantum cryptographyVPNconference paper