Fiebig, T.T.FiebigCramer, J.T.J.T.CramerBethe, A.A.BetheBaruch, P.P.BaruchCurth, U.U.CurthFühring, J.I.J.I.FühringBuettner, F.F.R.F.F.R.BuettnerVogel, U.U.VogelSchubert, M.M.SchubertFedorov, R.R.FedorovMühlenhoff, M.M.Mühlenhoff2022-03-062022-03-062020https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/26522710.1038/s41467-020-18464-yO-Acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) is critical for the induction of functional immune responses, making this modification mandatory for CPS-based anti-NmA vaccines. Using comprehensive NMR studies, we demonstrate that O-acetylation stabilizes the labile anomeric phosphodiester-linkages of the NmA-CPS and occurs in position C3 and C4 of the N-acetylmannosamine units due to enzymatic transfer and non-enzymatic ester migration, respectively. To shed light on the enzymatic transfer mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of the capsule O-acetyltransferase CsaC in its apo and acceptor-bound form and of the CsaC-H228A mutant as trapped acetyl-enzyme adduct in complex with CoA. Together with the results of a comprehensive mutagenesis study, the reported structures explain the strict regioselectivity of CsaC and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism, which relies on an unexpected Gln-extension of a classical Ser-His-Asp triad, embedded in an a/v-hydrolase fold.en610620journal article