Buse, KarstenKarstenBuseHerr, SimonSimonHerrBreunig, IngoIngoBreunig2025-04-222025-04-222025https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/48684110.1117/12.3045943Making the plus and minus c faces of a periodically-poled waveguide of lithium niobate conductive by suitable doping or by covering with films of sufficient conductivity may short-circuit light-induced space charge fields originating from the bulk photovoltaic effect. We estimate that this should be possible without sacrificing low propagation losses. Hence unwanted light-induced refractive index changes can be prevented, helping to increase the light powers up to which the devices can handle light and frequency conversion happens.enLithium niobateLithium niobate on insulatorWaveguidesPhotonic integrated circuitsNonlinear-optical effectsFrequency conversionPhotorefractive effectOptical damageconference paper