Zahedi, EhsanEhsanZahediWoerz, ChristophChristophWoerzReichardt, GerdGerdReichardtUmlauf, GeorgGeorgUmlaufLiewald, MathiasMathiasLiewaldBarz, JakobJakobBarzWeber, RudolfRudolfWeberFoerster, Daniel J.Daniel J.FoersterGraf, ThomasThomasGraf2022-03-062022-03-062019https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/26757110.1051/mfreview/2019011Most metal forming processes use lubricants based on mineral oils as an intermediate medium to reduce friction and wear. To avoid the well-known drawbacks of oil lubrication, a novel and environment friendly lubrication system for deep-drawing processes was demonstrated at the University of Stuttgart. Liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen are being used as volatile lubrication during the deep-drawing process, locally injected at high pressure through laser-drilled microholes. This new tribological system provides a significantly enlarged working range and at least 15% larger drawing depths compared to conventional oil lubrication.endeep drawinglaser micro machiningdrilling660610620journal article