Under CopyrightFrietsch, R.R.FrietschHaller, I.I.HallerVrohlings, M.M.VrohlingsGrupp, H.H.Grupp2022-03-0730.9.20082008https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/29397210.24406/publica-fhg-293972Measuring the output of men and women in science and technology has previously been mostly restricted to case studies or small-scale surveys. Based on an analysis of patent and publication databases, this paper applies a methodology to systematically assign the gender to the names of inventors and authors. The method is applied to 14 countries. The results of this investigation reveal substantial differences across coun-tries in terms of women's relative contribution1 to science and technology, with the cen-tral European countries of Germany, Austria and Switzerland all ranking comparatively low in this respect. We also examine trends over time, showing that the data on women's share of publications - unlike the results for patents - hardly increase over time for the already better-performing nations.enmeasurementR&D outputgender equalitygender-specific patentinggender-specific publishing303report