CC BY-NC 4.0Ourinson, DanielDanielOurinsonLinse, MichaelMichaelLinseKlawitter, MarkusMarkusKlawitterLorenz, AndreasAndreasLorenz2022-09-282022-09-282022Note-ID: 000091EEhttps://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/427089https://doi.org/10.24406/h-42708910.1002/pssr.20220014910.24406/h-4270892-s2.0-85133417682Herein, very short drying processes for the screen-printed electrodes of passivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC) are successfully demonstrated. The short drying processes are conducted in an in-line heating system with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) as its heat source, being a compact alternative to the conventional heating chamber. While the heating time of the conventional industrial drying process is believed to be about 20 s (to the best of the authors’ knowledge), the VCSEL system allows a significant reduction down to 0.15 s while maintaining a similar power conversion efficiency and contact adhesion quality.endryingpassivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC)process timethroughputvertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL)journal article