Publications Search Results
1 - 10 of 46
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PublicationMulti-use of Community Energy Storage( 2022-03-03)Battery energy storages play an important role in the energy transition toward an energy system based on renewable resources. Today, batteries on a household and community level in Germany are primarily used to increase consumption of self-produced electricity. However, batteries used solely for increasing self-consumption are neither profitable yet from an economic point of view, nor is the same battery capacity needed at all times when used only for self-consumption. At a considerable time of the day, the battery is either empty or fully loaded and could be used for other services. Community energy storages show several advantages compared to home storages and might also help to explore possibilities of using a battery for multi-use due to the size and simplification of control. Thereby, extra profits for a positive business case can be generated and a more efficient use of the battery is made possible. This paper investigates and structures possible services of community energy storages in Germany. It highlights the most promising services for multi-use and shows what prerequisites regarding the state of charge of the battery is necessary to perform the service. Moreover, a technical simulation of energy flows of a community with a variation in the number of households, photovoltaic capacity, and battery dimensions provides evidence that multi-use of community energy storage is even possible with only minor effects on self-consumption levels inside the community. For instance, the results show, that, on average, more than 30% of battery capacity can be used for additional services if the share of storage capacity used for self-consumption is adjusted monthly depending on the season and solar radiation.
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PublicationServitization of Energy Sector: Emerging Service Business Models and Startup’s Participation( 2022)
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PublicationUsing the Blockchain as Notary Service for a Local Energy Market( 2022)Smart energy supply systems are increasingly in the spotlight to fight climate change. Decentralized local energy markets are one concept of these systems. However, these decentralized markets need a verification mechanism to secure the trading, for example through a notary service. Blockchain is a modem technology that enables the creation of audit-proof applications. In this paper, we analyze how well blockchain can be used as a notary service in a local energy market. We will provide a classification of notary services link them to different data storage methods and demonstrate their application in a local energy market.
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PublicationA Hybrid Model for Analysing Disturbance Propagation in Cyber–Physical Energy Systems( 2022)Future power systems are expected to depend more on ICT for essential grid services such as voltage and frequency control, increasing the interdependencies between both systems. Therefore, disturbances from one system could propagate and impact the other, degrading the state of the interconnected system. This paper proposes a formalised hybrid model for analysing the impact and propagation of disturbances in a cyber–physical energy system. The states representing the performance of ICT-enabled grid services are modelled using a finite-state automaton. The impact of power system operational decisions in response to disturbances using these grid services are modelled using an optimisation considering situational awareness. The output from both models is used as input to a hybrid automaton that determines the state of the overall cyber–physical energy system. The model is verified by a proof of concept using state estimation and congestion management as exemplary grid services.
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PublicationMaking energy-transition headway: A data driven assessment of German energy startups( 2021)
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PublicationMethodology to develop Digital Twins for energy efficient customizable IoT-Products( 2021)Products are increasingly individualized and enhanced to be able to communicate, e.g. via Industrial Internet of Things (IoT). However, the impact of products on sustainability (environmental and social) across their life is often not considered and analyzed. IoT-based or smart products, that are able to communicate, generate data, which can be used to monitor and optimize sustainability indicators. The Digital Twin (DT) is a new technological concept which focuses on product individual data collection and analysis. It provides the possibility to make use of the available data and optimize the systems individual sustainability as well as future product generations. However, the design and realization of such a DT requires new approaches and capabilities, which is an identified research gap. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology to develop DTs of physical IoT-based products, the so called DT V-Model with the aim to optimize the systems sustainability, specifically environmental aspects. It is based on the V-model for the development of smart products and is enhanced with additional roles and approaches for DT development. The methodology is described in detail. The result of a development cycle according to the DT-V-Model is a tested concept of a DT, which includes Digital Master (DM) data from the planning phase and Digital Shadow (DS) data from the production, operation and End of Life-phase. For a DT for energy efficiency, the Digital Master model consists of the information and models from the product development phase including the planned production and use phase energy consumption. The Digital Shadow consists of the actual production energy consumption and the use phase energy consumption. The methodology is applied to a use case of an IoT-based consumer product that can be customized to a certain degree by the consumer. A DT is developed to monitor and optimize the products energy efficiency in production and use. The necessary elements of the DT and the capabilities are depicted. The paper shows the feasibility of the methodology for the development of DTs, the necessary adaptions to common approaches for development and the specific characteristics of DT development for the aim of energy efficiency.
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PublicationGenerative Machine Learning for Resource-Aware 5G and IoT Systems( 2021)Extrapolations predict that the sheer number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices will exceed 40 billion in the next five years. Hand-crafting specialized energy models and monitoring sub-systems for each type of device is error prone, costly, and sometimes infeasible. In order to detect abnormal or faulty behavior as well as inefficient resource usage autonomously, it is of tremendous importance to endow upcoming IoT and 5G devices with sufficient intelligence to deduce an energy model from their own resource usage data. Such models can in-turn be applied to predict upcoming resource consumption and to detect system behavior that deviates from normal states. To this end, we investigate a special class of undirected probabilistic graphical model, the so-called integer Markov random fields (IntMRF). On the one hand, this model learns a full generative probability distribution over all possible states of the system-allowing us to predict system states and to measure the probability of observed states. On the other hand, IntMRFs are themselves designed to consume as less resources as possible-e.g., faithful modelling of systems with an exponentially large number of states, by using only 8-bit unsigned integer arithmetic and less than 16KB memory. We explain how IntMRFs can be applied to model the resource consumption and the system behavior of an IoT device and a 5G core network component, both under various workloads. Our results suggest, that the machine learning model can represent important characteristics of our two test systems and deliver reasonable predictions of the power consumption.
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PublicationSmart Energy Communities(Fraunhofer Verlag, 2021)Die ab dem Jahr 2021 auslaufende EEG-Förderung stellt viele Betreiber von alten Solar- und Windkraftanlagen vor das Problem, neue, kostendeckende Geschäftsmodelle zu finden. Das vom BMWi geförderte Forschungsprojekt SMECS (Smart Energy Communities) untersucht Wege, durch Nutzung von Kooperations- und Digitalisierungskonzepten mit Hilfe eines Plattformansatzes kleine Erzeuger zu vernetzen und ihre Position im Energiemarkt zu stärken. Der angewandte Community-Ansatz stärkt dabei insbesondere regional ausgerichtete Aktivitäten. Im Fokus des Projekts standen die Entwicklung und Erprobung von Community-Konzepten in Kombination mit innovativen Smart Services, die in einer offenen und erweiterbaren Serviceplattform gebündelt wurden. Die untersuchten Smart Services umfassen dabei u. a. KI-basierte Prognosemodelle, Blockchain-Verfahren für lokale Stromherkunftsnachweise und Digital Contracts. Dabei wurden nicht nur momentan aus technischer und regulatorischer Sicht mögliche Konzepte betrachtet, sondern auch versucht, einen Blick in die (mögliche) Zukunft zu werfen. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts SMECS sind in diesem Bericht zusammengefasst.
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PublicationIntegrated Data and Service Platforms for Smart Energy Networks as a Key Component for Smart Cities( 2020)In the light of the German national energy system transformation, the so-called ""Energiewende"", the requirements for a sustainable energy supply based on renewables are very complex. To address this topic, the project Designetz develops approaches to test how decentralized renewable energy sources and the need for electrical energy can affect the respective network infrastructure levels and how an intelligent information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure can look like, to meet the demands of the energy network of the future, also in the context of smart cities. First results indicate that a transformation towards an increasingly decentralized energy supply is necessary and, particularly in view of the volatility, demands corresponding requirements of the ICT infrastructure. It will be shown how the classic producer-consumer constellation is changed and a multitude of prosumers, i.e. actors, who are both producers and consumers of electricity, arise, and how they can be integrated into the grid structure. Core functionalities will be demonstrated with an integrated data and service platform which also allows the possible integration of supplementary services. In addition, the potential interdependencies from a more decentralized energy network towards regional and urban planning patterns will be assessed.
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PublicationEnergy efficiency and demand response - two sides of the same coin?( 2020)
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