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  • Publication
    Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC technical report)
    ( 2020)
    Purchase, Diane
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    Abbasi, Golnoush
    ;
    Bisschop, Lieselot
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    Chatterjee, Debashish
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    Ekberg, Christian
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    Ermolin, Mikhail
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    Fedotov, Petr
    ;
    Garelick, Hemda
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    Isimekhai, Khadijah
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    Kandile, Nadia G.
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    Lundström, Mari
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    Matharu, Avtar
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    Miller, Bradley W.
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    Pineda, Antonio
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    Popoola, Oluseun E.
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    Retegan, Teodora
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    Ruedel, Heinz
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    Serpe, Angela
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    Sheva, Yehuda
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    Surati, Kiran R.
    ;
    Walsh, Fiona
    ;
    Wilson, Benjamin P.
    ;
    Wong, Ming Hung
    The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.