All spoofer attacks have different requirements, impacts, success rates and objectives; therefore, to assess the threat and to develop appropriate counter measures, a clear classification is needed. Being aware of the different existing types of threats, allows an improved design of preventative measures to counter these attacks. This paper classifies spoofer attacks with a layered model. This allows assessing the risks and strategies of operational spoofers with the goal of prevention. The layered model consists of the deployment architectures, the take-over strategy, the control strategy and the application. The paper expands the strategies to manipulate a position of receiver, highlights operational difficulties and suitable counter measures. This emphasises that even if a signal is successfully spoofed, controlling a target receiver is not trivial. Additionally, the most probable spoofing attacks are presented and the applicable antispoofing methods are outlined.
