Solution properties and complexation of polyampholytes based on N,N-Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and maleic acid or alkyl (aryl) derivatives of maleamic acids

Solution properties of alternating polyampholytes based on N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and maleic acid as well as N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium and maleamic acid (butylmaleamic acid, phenylmaleamic acid, 4-butylphenylmaleamic acid) were studied in aqueous and aqueous-salt solutions. The isoelectric points (IEP) of the amphoteric macromolecules were determined. It was found that the viscosity of equimolar polyampholyte solutions increases at the IEP with an increase in neutral salt concentration, while polyampholyte solutions having an excess of cationic groups exhibit polyelectrolyte character. The influence of pH, neutral salt, and a water-ethanol mixture on the viscosity of polyampholyte solutions was shown. Formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes between regular polyampholytes based on N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-alkyl (aryl) substituted maleamic acids and poly(acrylic acid), poly(styrene sodium sulfonate), as well as the formation of polyampholyte-sodium lauryl sulfate complexes was studied in aqueous solution by potentiometric, conductimetric, turbidimetric, and viscometric methods. The composition of polyampholyte-polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte-surfactant complexes was determined and the influence of temperature and ionic strength on their behavior was studied.