Concept for exchanging small-scale decentralized flexibilities in the German electricity market using data spaces

As climate change accelerates, the European energy sector faces challenges in integrating decentralized energy systems into a cohesive market. This paper proposes a concept for incorporating small-scale decentralized energy flexibilities into an energy flexibility market through data spaces, which ensure data sovereignty and aim to increase interoperability between systems. Focusing on the German energy market, the model emphasizes home energy management systems (HEMS) for optimizing residential energy systems, including battery storage and electric vehicles. The framework enables localized optimization of energy schedules, allowing aggregators to market consolidated flexibilities to energy suppliers. By standardizing data exchange through the Energy Flexibility Data Model (EFDM), this approach promotes real-time analytics and adaptive management. The concept has been validated through the energy data-X project and will further be tested in the Factory-X initiative with an extended field of investigation in the area of energy flexibility in industry, aiming to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability.