Understanding Data Infrastructure Providers: Value Creation and Adoption Barriers in the Case of Data Spaces

The growth of data-driven innovation has transformed traditional value chains into dynamic data ecosystems, exemplified by emerging data spaces. Using data infrastructure providers as an illustrative example of data infrastructure integration, this research explores how diverse stakeholders collaboratively create and individually capture value within such ecosystems. Despite their potential, data spaces face considerable barriers hindering widespread adoption. This study uses a systematic literature review, qualitative case analyses, and expert interviews to examine how data space service providers, as integrators of data infrastructures, create and capture value. Employing the e3-value model, we illustrate value flows within data ecosystems. Results indicate service providers primarily deliver consulting, data management, and technical integration services. However, barriers remain regarding standardization, data sovereignty, technical know-how, acceptance, and economic sustainability. We propose solutions such as standardization efforts, decentralized architectures, enhanced training initiatives, user-friendly technologies, and sustainable monetization strategies. Our research offers theoretical contributions and practical recommendations to advance economically sustainable and broadly accepted data sharing ecosystems.