Prof. Dr.

Wrobel, Stefan

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  • Publication
    Visual Analytics for Human-Centered Machine Learning
    ( 2022-01-25)
    Andrienko, Natalia
    ;
    Andrienko, Gennady
    ;
    Adilova, Linara
    ;
    Wrobel, Stefan
    We introduce a new research area in visual analytics (VA) aiming to bridge existing gaps between methods of interactive machine learning (ML) and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), on one side, and human minds, on the other side. The gaps are, first, a conceptual mismatch between ML/XAI outputs and human mental models and ways of reasoning, and second, a mismatch between the information quantity and level of detail and human capabilities to perceive and understand. A grand challenge is to adapt ML and XAI to human goals, concepts, values, and ways of thinking. Complementing the current efforts in XAI towards solving this challenge, VA can contribute by exploiting the potential of visualization as an effective way of communicating information to humans and a strong trigger of human abstractive perception and thinking. We propose a cross-disciplinary research framework and formulate research directions for VA.
  • Publication
    A theoretical model for pattern discovery in visual analytics
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021-01-21)
    Andrienko, Natalia
    ;
    Andrienko, Gennady
    ;
    Miksch, Silvia
    ;
    Schumann, Heidrun
    ;
    Wrobel, Stefan
    The word 'pattern' frequently appears in the visualisation and visual analytics literature, but what do we mean when we talk about patterns? We propose a practicable definition of the concept of a pattern in a data distribution as a combination of multiple interrelated elements of two or more data components that can be represented and treated as a unified whole. Our theoretical model describes how patterns are made by relationships existing between data elements. Knowing the types of these relationships, it is possible to predict what kinds of patterns may exist. We demonstrate how our model underpins and refines the established fundamental principles of visualisation. The model also suggests a range of interactive analytical operations that can support visual analytics workflows where patterns, once discovered, are explicitly involved in further data analysis.
  • Publication
    Constructing Spaces and Times for Tactical Analysis in Football
    ( 2021)
    Andrienko, Gennady
    ;
    Andrienko, Natalia
    ;
    Anzer, Gabriel
    ;
    Bauer, Pascal
    ;
    Budziak, Guido
    ;
    Fuchs, Georg
    ;
    Hecker, Dirk
    ;
    Weber, Hendrik
    ;
    Wrobel, Stefan
    A possible objective in analyzing trajectories of multiple simultaneously moving objects, such as football players during a game, is to extract and understand the general patterns of coordinated movement in different classes of situations as they develop. For achieving this objective, we propose an approach that includes a combination of query techniques for flexible selection of episodes of situation development, a method for dynamic aggregation of data from selected groups of episodes, and a data structure for representing the aggregates that enables their exploration and use in further analysis. The aggregation, which is meant to abstract general movement patterns, involves construction of new time-homomorphic reference systems owing to iterative application of aggregation operators to a sequence of data selections. As similar patterns may occur at different spatial locations, we also propose constructing new spatial reference systems for aligning and matching movements irrespective of their absolute locations. The approach was tested in application to tracking data from two Bundesliga games of the 2018/2019 season. It enabled detection of interesting and meaningful general patterns of team behaviors in three classes of situations defined by football experts. The experts found the approach and the underlying concepts worth implementing in tools for football analysts.