Now showing 1 - 10 of 1843
  • Publication
    Intangibles. A Challenge to Policy Decision Makers
    ( 2024)
    Gadepalli, Sarada Devi
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    Lampel, Joseph
    In this study, we seek to highlight the necessity of policies for intangibles. While the extant literature on policies, especially science and technology-related policies, has drawn attention to policies for R&DI, other forms of intangibles specific to the organisation have received scant attention. We describe in detail the characteristics of intangibles and draw attention to the challenges these present for policymakers.
  • Publication
    Nachhaltigkeitstransformation der urbanen Infrastruktur in Deutschland
    Die Umsetzung blau-grüner Infrastrukturen (BGI) als Ergänzung konventioneller Stadtentwässserungsmaßnahmen gilt als vielversprechend für die urbane Anpassung an Klimafolgen. BGI umfassen unterschiedliche Maßnahmen, beispielsweise Gründächer, Mulden oder Rigolen. Je nach Maßnahme ist die Umsetzung unterschiedlich komplex. Durch die Integration von BGI verändern sich oftmals die Rollen von Akteur:innen aufgrund von neuen Schlüsselaufgaben, Ressourcen, Möglichkeiten der Wertgenerierung und Kostenentstehung, und es können neue Anforderungen an die Art der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Akteur:innen entstehen. Diese Veränderungen müssen bei der Planung und Implementierung sowie im Betrieb von BGI frühzeitig berücksichtigt werden, um Umsetzungshemmnissen aufgrund dieser Veränderungen vorzugreifen. Dafür bietet das Infrastructure-Transition-Canvas wertvolle Unterstützung
  • Publication
    The role of funders in shaping the UK research landscape
    ( 2024)
    Bone, Frederique
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    Sherbon, Beverly
    Starting with some background literature about research directionality and impact, the chapter explores how the roles of research funders have been tackled in the literature. Secondly, the chapter characterises the funding landscape within the UK, accounting for its variety of players (i.e., research councils, large and smaller funders from the charitable sector, etc.). Thirdly, the chapter then explores the diversity of research funders in this landscape, the variety of funding instruments they use, and how they collaborate to deliver their respective strategies. The chapter ultimately reflects on the positioning of research funders as a collective and their broader role as part of the academic system, and how their funding decisions may more broadly influence the directionality of research.
  • Publication
    Pillar D - Access to Markets
    ( 2024)
    Moiso, Carlotta
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    Wurster, Simone
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    Ivarsson, Daniel
    Pillar D examines the progress made by Eastern Partner countries regarding SMEs’ access to both domestic and foreign markets. The chapter starts by looking at policies and tools in place to allow SMEs better access to public procurement markets, focusing on the legal frameworks and the strategies developed to support SME participation. It then reviews recent improvements in standards and technical regulation, looking at overall co-ordination and general measures, level of harmonisation with EU acquis, SME access to standardisation, and digitalisation of standards and technical regulations. Finally, this chapter investigates efforts to boost SME internationalisation through support for export promotion, SME integration into GVCs, and the use of e-commerce, as well as through the adoption of trade facilitation measures. For each one of these three areas, a set of dedicated policy recommendations is provided to guide EaP countries in their strategic actions for the forthcoming years.
  • Publication
    Global Commons
    ( 2023)
    Harper, Jennifer C.
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    Cagnin, Cristiano
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    Georghiou, Luke
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    Smith, Keith
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    Langenhove, Luk van
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    Giesecke, Susanne
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  • Publication
    The economic analysis of renewable energy policies: a general overview and a historical perspective
    ( 2023) ;
    Río, Pablo del
    ;
    García-Martínez, Leticia
    The aim of this chapter is to provide a critical, historical overview of the evolution of public policy support for renewable energy technologies, with an emphasis on the last two decades, deployment support and solar and wind technologies. It shows that the economic justification for supporting the development and diffusion of renewable energy technologies has different rationales and that the type of support being provided is contingent upon the situation of the technology in the technology life cycle. It also shows that support for renewable energy technologies has several components, beyond the simplistic identification of “policy” with “instruments”. As important as the instruments are the existence of targets for these technologies and the stability of support. When it comes to instruments, although the focus in the literature has been on deployment support instruments, RD&D support has played a crucial role in improving the quality and reducing the costs of the currently mature technologies. Finally, this chapter illustrates how the success of deployment support instruments strongly depends on the way they are designed, and that trade-offs between different criteria used to assess such success are likely to occur when choosing a given design element over others.
  • Publication
    Potentials and limitations of program-based research funding for the transformation of research systems
    This chapter analyzes the opportunities and limitations of program funding for the transformation of science systems. For this purpose, we review the existing literature on transformative research and corresponding research funding approaches, using sustainability research as an example. We use the German funding framework to promote sustainability research as empirical illustration for the role of research funding for changing research processes. We conclude that transformation cannot be expected from individual project-based programs, but an adaptation of the science system on all levels is needed. This involves a shift in mindset and also in the practices of individual researchers; the commitment of the research performing organizations, including an altered orientation towards the impact of science; the need to overcome the still existing disincentives to interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work; and finally a new "Leitbild" for excellent research, which accounts for the need to direct research towards global challenges without compromising academic rigor.
  • Publication
    The institutionalisation of a new paradigm at policy level
    The concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has experienced a remarkable career within the European Union's policies for funding research and innovation, culminating in the embedding of RRI as a cross-cutting issue in the Horizon 2020 (H2020) framework programme. However, despite favourable conditions, empirical evidence shows that efforts to mainstream RRI at the level of policy practice and implementation by and large failed. With the aim of better understanding the reasons for the limited success of mainstreaming RRI, the authors draw on the concept of Deep Institutionalisation (DI) and adapt it to the analysis of institutionalisation processes related to policy practice and implementation. The adapted DI concept is applied to H2020 by using recent findings from RRI research to provide empirical illustration. The results suggest that key preconditions for the successful institutionalisation of RRI policies were not fulfilled. Specifically, broader policy debates reaching beyond the confines of a small policy arena within the European Commission, a lack of experimental embedding allowing for adjustment to different contexts, and the development of ownership in particular were not achieved. Building on the cornerstones of the DI concept, the authors conclude that attempts to mainstream RRI in H2020 have been premature.
  • Publication
    Energy system modelling of renewable energy and related energy infrastructure needs
    ( 2023)
    Resch, Gustav
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    Schöniger, Franziska
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    Hasengst, Florian
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    Suna, Demet
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    Totschnig, Gerhard
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    In recent decades, renewable energy has stepped out of its niche as a key option for decarbonising the energy supply. It has gained attention in energy system modelling as well as in real-world energy sector developments. This chapter aims to describe past developments in the energy system modelling of renewable energy and related energy infrastructure prerequisites. Illustrative snapshots are provided, offering a chronological survey of energy system models with a focus on renewable energy and the main related thematic fields. Geographically, these snapshots refer to Europe and illustrated topics of interest as well as approaches used in corresponding model-based assessments. That journey offers fruitful insights on how the energy policy debate has emerged as well as how energy system modelling has advanced to provide substance and support decision making in accordance with emerging policy needs.