Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Publikations-und Informationssysteme IPSI

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  • Publication
    Robustness Evaluation of Transactional Audio Watermarking Systems
    ( 2003)
    Neubauer, C.
    ;
    Steinebach, M.
    ;
    Siebenhaar, F.
    ;
    Pickel, J.
    Distribution via Internet is of increasing importance. Easy access, transmission and consumption of digitally represented music is very attractive to the consumer but led also directly to an increasing problem of illegal copying. To cope with this problem watermarking is a promising concept since it provides a useful mechanism to track illicit copies by persistently attaching property rights information to the material. Especially for online music distribution the use of so-called transaction watermarking, also denoted with the term bitstream watermarking, is beneficial since it offers the opportunity to embed watermarks directly into perceptually encoded material without the need of full decompression/compression. Besides the concept of bitstream watermarking, former publications presented the complexity, the audio quality and the detection performance. These results are now extended by an assessment of the robustness of such schemes. The detection performance before a nd after applying selected attacks is presented for MPEG-1/2 Layer 3 (MP3) and MPEG-2/4 AAC bitstream watermarking, contrasted to the performance of PCM spread spectrum watermarking.
  • Publication
    AAC bitstream watermarking robustness assessment
    ( 2002)
    Neubauer, C.
    ;
    Siebenhaar, F.
    ;
    Steinebach, M.
    During the recent years, the advent of the Internet and the availability of high quality audio coding technology have enabled easy access, transmission and consumption of digitally represented music. These new possibilities directly led to an increasing problem of music piracy which besides cryptographic methods is often addressed with watermarking techniques. Especially for online music distribution the so-called transaction watermarking is a promising concept in order to embed customer or transaction specific information into a particular piece of music during the download phase. A beneficial method to perform transaction watermarking is bitstream watermarking which embeds watermarks directly into perceptually coded material. Former publications in the field of bitstream watermarking showed the concept, audio quality results and complexity numbers along with the detection performance. This paper extends former work in presenting a robustness assessment of bitstream wa termarking schemes. Experimental results obtained specifically using MPEG-2/4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) as encoding scheme are given.