Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Literature review of quality attributes for collaborative product development

2022 , Randermann, Marcel , Blüher, Till , Jochem, Roland , Stark, Rainer

In collaborative product development, diverse stakeholders are involved in distributed engineering activities. This situation makes it difficult to ensure, manage, and improve the quality across company boundaries. Therefore, this work determines the characteristics of collaborative engineering which have an influence on the quality of distributed product development. Several interoperability frameworks were analyzed in order to get insights into key areas for collaboration design. Furthermore, a systematic literature review provided the best practices for improvement efforts. The derived quality attributes were condensed and adapted to collaborative product development in the four key areas of organization and processes, data/artifacts, information technology systems and infrastructure, and social factors. This enables product developers to examine their collaborative engineering environment and to identify room for improvement and to enhance quality. A case example of an engineering change order shows a collaborative data flow process, in which the quality attributes may indicate improvement measures.

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Best Practice Example 12. LEAN-Factory for a pharmaceutical Company in Berlin, Germany

2019 , Kohl, Holger , Jochem, Roland , Sieckmann, Felix , Rybski, Christoffer

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Success factors and organizational approaches for the implementation and the operational use of energy management systems according to ISO 50001

2014 , Karcher, Phillip , Jochem, Roland

Due to rising energy costs, increasing global competitive pressure and the demand for environmentally friendly products companies all over the world consider the implementation of an energy management system (EnMS) to meet future challenges. The purpose of this paper is to identify main success factors for the effective implementation, operation and certification of an EnMS in accordance with ISO 50001, which represents the fastest growing standard for management systems in the world. For that reason a survey among already certified German companies has been conducted focusing on organizational, teambuilding and technical aspects. The study provides best practice knowledge and gives interested companies the advantage to benefit from both the positive experiences of the participants as well as to prevent potential contra productive activities during the implementation, certification and operation of an EnMS. Results indicate that EnMSs are most commonly built on already existing management structures and therefore staff organization is crucial for the success of the project. Still, monetary aspects such as energy related cost savings seem to be the decisive criterion for the operation of an EnMS. Regarding teambuilding aspects specific technical expertise is required which leads to cross-functional teams focusing on the field of production. In addition key technical and administrative measures for an effective EnMS were identified.

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Die Gretchenfrage in der Praxis - Kosten, Nutzen und Wirtschaftlichkeit von QM-Systemen

2014 , Jochem, Roland , Raßfeld, Colin , Behmer, Falk , Skowronek, Johannes

Wie lässt sich der Beitrag des Qualitätsmanagements zum Unternehmenserfolg in der Praxis ermitteln? Die TU Berlin und das Fraunhofer IPK haben untersucht, mit welchen Kenngrößen deutsche Unternehmen die Effektivität und die Effizienz von QM-Systemen messen. Die Studie findet eine große methodische und inhaltliche Vielfalt im Qualitätscontrolling - und überall hohen Aufwand für die Datenerhebung.

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Issues in distributed Engineering of SMEs over the Collaboration Life Cycle

2020 , Blüher, Till , Randermann, Marcel , Rosa, Maiara , Stark, Rainer , Jochem, Roland

Collaboration in product development has played an increasingly important role in the past decades. However, distributed engineering creates a wide variety of challenges that, in some cases, are highly context dependent. In Germany, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role to the economy and engage in many collaborative engineering projects. So far, it remains a practical challenge to design a joint engineering environment that is not well-assisted by the science community. In addition, collaborations evolve over time. This study examines problem fields in collaborative engineering of SMEs and presents the collaboration life cycle (CLC) framework. This framework aims at classifying and contextualizing different problem domains within the greater context of a collaborative partnership. Therefore, we have conducted an interview study with industry experts regarding challenges in distributed engineering with SMEs and validated the results through an industry workshop. We argue that a high-level perspective on collaboration with different life-cycle phases in conjunction with the description of practical problem fields can assist in understanding collaboration in distributed design better. Going forward, the findings provide the base for ongoing research in a project that aims to make the maturity level of any distributed engineering environment assessable and provides guidance for improvements.

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Learning Factory for Industry 4.0 to provide future skills beyond technical training

2018 , Schallock, Burkhard , Rybski, Christoffer , Jochem, Roland , Kohl, Holger

The paper will describe the design of a learning factory for Industry 4.0 that addresses the growing demand for future skills of production staff. Existing learning factories often focus on the technical skills whereas this learning factory also trains decision making, group work and performance monitoring skills. The paper refers to the existing categorizes of learning factories and unveils its numerous features. The conceptual design includes theoretical and practical parts, which prove to be successful in a German learning factory that was realized by the authors. Especially, for the industry 4.0 environment, the layout consists of three stages of a production system, from manual to automatized manufacturing. The practical tasks cover the introduction of smart devices, connection of information flows as well as monitoring of performance. The didactical design of the training program provides a sustainable approach by not only realizing training courses but also includes preparation with management, mid-term coaching and success monitoring after the training. The learning factory is a part of a whole research institute for intelligent manufacturing in China including consultancy and application support. One of the underlying goals of the learning factory is to enable production staff for change management, decision making and innovation.

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Success factors and organizational approaches for the implementation and the operational use of energy management systems according to ISO 50001

2014 , Karcher, Phillip , Jochem, Roland , Fourmont, Robert , Leu, Stephan

Constantly increasing energy costs, changing statutory requirements and a demand for environmentally friendly produced products require a more intense consideration of the topic of sustainability in all kinds of businesses. With the ISO 50001 the International Organization for Standardization published a new norm in December 2011 that defines the requirements for energy management systems. In order to identify the success factors for the implementation and the operational use of such an energy management system the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology has conducted a survey among German companies that are already certified according to ISO 50001. Amongst the ISO 9001-basedfamily of management system norms the ISO 50001 is the first one to emphasize the necessity for a thorough consideration of staffing and team building aspects since the required competencies in energy management projects cover the entire band width of modern companies human capital e.g. knowledge in energy efficiency technologies, purchasing, legal aspects, process and project management. Thus, besides focusing on general success factors, the study especially observes organizational aspects of energy management, which is scarcely addressed in existing studies. Another main claim of the survey is how to identify the affecting factors of building a competent energy team, organizing the required staffing processes effectively and finding the optimal individual organizational form within the corporate organization. The primary objective of the survey is deriving the codes of best practices in running an energy management system. Therefore the companies are asked how they dealt with specific problems they faced during the phases of preparation to achieve the certification and also during day-to-day business. This survey searches for both, the most efficient way of how the certification process can be conducted from the first idea of implementing an energy management system to the issuance of the certificate and the most effective way of how to achieve this certification. In this context the relations between a systematic approach in preparation of the certification procedure and the competitiveness of the results will be examined. The target group of the survey consists of energy managers and persons in authority of the energy management system of ISO 5 0001-certified companies in Germany. It is designed as an online questionnaire with more than a thousand potential participants. It will be published in April 2014.

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Organizational planning for quality management in the digital age

2020 , Behmer, Falk Johannes , Jochem, Roland

Purpose Quality managers today require a holistic, overreaching view on the organization and its goals in order to plan the quality management organization (QMO) effectively. The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of a web application that aims to support quality managers in organizational planning tasks. The basis for the implementation is a previously developed planning method that builds on Product and Technology Roadmapping as well as Quality Function Deployment. It supports the QMO's strategic development in line with the organization's overall strategy. Design/methodology/approach Based on previous research that systematically identified the requirements toward a suitable planning method and a consecutively designed framework, a web application was developed. This process followed agile software development approaches, including test-driven iteration cycles and validation through a case-based user trial. Findings Standardized quality criteria for software development together with identified requirements for a suitable planning method provided a specified guideline to develop a web application. This application enables quality managers to effectively deploy the previously developed planning method. It proved successful in an initial field trial and creates a basis for integrated, computer-aided QMO planning. Originality/value With an integrated planning method that was implemented through a web application, quality managers could be effectively supported in developing the QMO in line with the overall strategy. As organizational planning tasks are reoccurring but not day-to-day business, moderated workshops that use the web application as a guiding tool and enable quality managers to focus on delivering information inputs appear to be a highly promising approach.

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Qualitätsbewertung bei hybriden Leistungsbündeln. Spezifische HLB-Methodik erlaubt umfassende Bewertung

2014 , Pasch, Florian , Schober, Johannes , Jochem, Roland , Rybski, Christoffer

Die Qualität von "hybriden Leistungsbündeln" (HLB) wird durch die Sach- und Dienstleistungsergebnisse, die HLB-Prozesse sowie die Ausprägung des Qualitätsmanagementsystems im Wertschöpfungsnetzwerk geprägt. Hinzu kommt ein erweitertes Qualitätsverständnis, das neben der Erfüllung spezifizierter Anforderungen den Nutzen für den Kunden in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Der Fachbeitrag stellt eine Methodik vor, die eine Messbarkeit sowie Bewertbarkeit dieses umfassenden Qualitätsverständnisses ermöglichen soll.

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An approach for the implementation of a global quality management system assuring both robust global processes and local flexibility

2014 , Meentken, Felix , Jochem, Roland

The requirements for global enterprises have changed dramatically in recent years. Increasing customer demands, shorter product life cycles, increasing transport costs and more complex products and processes are just some of the current challenges in the global economy. These challenges reveal that thinking in closed systems is not up-to-date. Globally distributed business activities and value creation networks require a high systemic, integrative thinking, which points out global synergies and ensures an effective and efficient global cooperation. Thus, the importance of cross-site coordination considering different cultural, political and economic conditions becomes increasingly important. In this focus, an essential task of the management is to create a suitable organizational base to optimally integrate the enterprise in the turbulent environment, to facilitate continuous improvement, to be able to quickly react to changing demands and to define the structure for a successful global cooperation. The basis for a global quality management system is a process oriented organization with defined business processes as the core of the enterprise. Therefore, globally standardized processes are considered to be a key success factor for outsourcing of business activities with a consistent high quality level. Globally valid processes with common terms, key performance indicators (KPI), objectives, responsibilities etc. enhance the enterprise-wide communication and cooperation. Furthermore, global standards concerning different areas such as quality, environmental protection and occupational health and safety can be established in the global organization. A major challenge in the heterogeneity of the global value chain is the definition of an appropriate level of detail where global standards (processes, documents, etc.) are mandatory and at which level local adaptions are allowed to ensure local flexibility and improvement. Thus, the objective of the developed approach is not a globally uniform standardization in every detail, but to grant the local sites sufficient flexibility to adapt to their specific local requirements. The implementation is based on a combined approach of top-down and bottom-up. Thus, in the first phases the top-management is in charge and must define the strategic objectives and create a suitable conceptual framework for the global quality management system. In the following phases, a defined core project team and the employees are in charge to realize the operational implementation of the management system. Thus, primarily the necessary processes must be designed and implemented. Here it is important to create a global applicable standard and to identify local specific requirements in an interdisciplinary and international team. This is necessary to create global acceptance, which is inevitable for a successful and vibrant management system. In close cooperation with an industry partner an approach for the implementation of a global quality management system was developed. It is based on a process oriented global organization that assures the standardization of core business principles, processes and values2on the one hand, and respects differences of the local sites concerning culture, laws, norms etc. on the other hand. Furthermore, this approach fulfills both the internal requirements of the employees and the management as well as the external requirements of norms, laws and customers.

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