Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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  • Publication
    An Ensemble Learning based Hierarchical Multi-label Classification Approach to Identify Impacts of Engineering Changes
    ( 2020)
    Pan, Y.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    In the process of complex products development, design decisions of products are constantly changed to improve quality or functionality, reduce costs, respond to statutory constraints or implement wishes from customers, with respect to new functionality. The changes on already released design decisions are known as Engineering Changes (EC). Due to interdependency, changes on one component may cause changes on another, and this will spread along the product structure. Therefore, to completely identify the affected components of engineering changes is a major challenge. This paper presents a novel approach to use properties of components as target variables and applying the predicted properties to locate the EC affected components in product structure. We create a hierarchy of the properties and divide the label space into separate communities. A stacked multi-label classifier is trained in each community, the result is obtained by union of assigned labels from different communities. Finally, the predicted labels are adjusted by incorporating the hierarchical relation. Experiments conducted on real-world industrial EC dataset with mixed data types. Results demonstrated that, the ensemble framework in our approach is more efficient and effective than our baseline models and has achieved superior performance on real industrial engineering change data.
  • Publication
    Stufenmodell zur Strukturierung digitaler Assistenzfunktionen: Digital assistierte Montageplanung
    ( 2020)
    Bußwinkel, L.
    ;
    Hauk, J.-C.
    ;
    Schneider, H.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Die Montageplanung ist durch große manuelle Aufwände sowie eine auf Erfahrungen und Expertenwissen basierende Entscheidungsfindung geprägt. Trotz zahlreicher Forschungsaktivitäten wird nur eine geringe Automatisierung der Montageplanung erreicht. Daher wird für die Montageplanung ein Assistenzstufenmodell erarbeitet, das zukünftig eine systematische Entwicklung digitaler Assistenzsysteme erlaubt, die in der industriellen Praxis einen Mehrwert erzeugen.
  • Publication
    An optimal algorithm for the robotic assembly system design problem: An industrial case study
    ( 2020)
    Hagemann, S.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    The design process of flow-oriented assembly systems is characterized by being both highly complex and time consuming. Especially those design processes categorized into robotic and multi variant encountered in the automotive body-in-white production stages. Unlike established manual and template-based assembly system design models, which are currently applied in industry, the here presented novel approach uses a knowledge-based search algorithm and automatically generates optimal assembly system configurations. The algorithm has been implemented in a software prototype and the results have been validated against different large-size industrial scenarios in the automotive field of body-in-white production.
  • Publication
    Lücken und Herausforderungen bei der praktischen Umsetzung des Model-Based Systems Engineering
    ( 2019)
    Fresemann, C.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    ;
    Sauer, C.
    ;
    Schleich, B.
    ;
    Wartzack, S.
  • Publication
    Application of industrial methods in engineering education
    ( 2019)
    Kind, S.
    ;
    Dybov, A.
    ;
    Buchholz, C.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Modern trends and challenges like an increased level of product complexity and reduced time for development require new, improved skills for future employees. Potential industrial methods based on early project planning, interdisciplinary product solutions and a systematic preparation for production are researched and presented within this paper. Future employees need to understand the processes and methods of product implementation and production. Especially the last stages of product development require additional attention, since these are the most challenging phases regarding integration and implementation starting from initial prototyping up to a functional product. Industrial feedback proves, that these skills are not taught in an appropriate extend by todays academic education, concluding that todays' graduates are not well prepared for tomorrow's job challenges. Following the gaps in today's education a student project lecture was developed, that teaches and applies industry-related development methods addressing advanced master students. Focus of the related student project includes a constant review of project management practices in industrial design reviews, as well as the gathering and definition of requirements. In addition to this, development methods for functional prototypes are taught and applied. Especially the actual creation of prototypes is addressing the product integration and testing phase. To present the above-mentioned methods and an innovative testing environment, two successfully applied use cases are described within this paper. These are covering the entire development process starting from early requirements gathering, accompanied by model-based system engineering.
  • Publication
    Study on the feasibility of modelling notations for integrated Product-Service Systems Engineering
    ( 2019)
    Halstenberg, F.A.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Developing products and services concurrently bears great potential as well as challenges. Systems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary approach, which aims to enable the realization of successful systems. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a SE approach focusing on the utilization of models for information exchange instead of documents. Methods and tools for MBSE are advanced and effective. Nevertheless, the field predominantly focuses on technical systems rather than on services and business models. In the context of the increasing importance of the Service Economy and rising innovative business models, an extension of the MBSE methods and tools to a service- and business model-centric view constitutes a research gap. Sufficient methods for requirements definition in PSS design have been developed. In concept design, the outline or rough concept of the product is defined. This step is currently not supported with useful methods. In order to address this research gap, the authors have proposed Integrated Product Service Architectures (IPSSAs) in previous research, which depict physical product architectures and service architectures in one integrated model. In previous studies, Systems Modelling Language (SysML) was identified as suitable modelling notations for IPSSAs, but several drawbacks of the notation were noted. Within this paper, a study is presented, which identifies suitable combinations of modelling notations and diagrams for IPSSA modelling. The combination of several diagrams from SysML, Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) and Data Flow Architecture is used on the practical example of ELSA (Engineering Living Systems of Autonomy), a service robot for guest and plant care. In order to address the lack of process-based service modelling in SysML, BPMN is added to common SysML modelling. In order address the data flow dimension, a third modelling notation, the Data Flow Architecture is proposed.
  • Publication
    Hybrid artificial intelligence system for the design of highly-automated production systems
    ( 2019)
    Hagemann, S.
    ;
    Sünnetcioglu, A.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    The automated design of production systems is a young field of research which has not been widely explored by industry nor research in recent decades. Currently, the effort spent in production system design is increasing significantly in automotive industry due to the number of product variants and product complexity. Intelligent methods can support engineers in repetitive tasks and give them more opportunity to focus on work which requires their core competencies. This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence methodology that automatically generates initial production system configurations based on real industrial scenarios in the automotive field of body-in-white production. The hybrid methodology reacts flexibly against data sets of different content and has been implemented in a software prototype.
  • Publication
    Neural Network Hyperparameter Optimization for the Assisted Selection of Assembly Equipment
    ( 2019)
    Hagemann, S.
    ;
    Sünnetcioglu, A.
    ;
    Fahse, T.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    The design of assembly systems has been mainly a manual task including activities such as gathering and analyzing product data, deriving the production process and assigning suitable manufacturing resources. Especially in the early phases of assembly system design in automotive industry, the complexity reaches a substantial level, caused by the increasing number of product variants and the decreased time to market. In order to mitigate the arising challenges, researchers are continuously developing novel methods to support the design of assembly systems. This paper presents an artificial intelligence system for assisting production engineers in the selection of suitable equipment for highly automated assembly systems.
  • Publication
    Approaching Knowledge Dynamics Across the Product Development Process with Methods of Social Research
    ( 2019)
    Wang, W.M.
    ;
    Mörike, F.
    ;
    Hergesell, J.
    ;
    Baur, N.
    ;
    Feufel, M.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Knowledge is a crucial factor in state-of-the-art product development. It is often provided by stakeholders from divers disciplinary and individual backgrounds and has to be integrated to create competitive products. Still, it is not fully understood, how knowledge is generated, transformed, transferred and integrated in complex product development processes. To investigate the dynamic interrelations between involved stakeholders, applied knowledge types and related artefacts, researchers at the TU Berlin conducted and evaluated a student experiment to study basic phenomena of development projects. In relation to research methods and instruments applied in this experiment, various improvement opportunities were identified. In this paper, the experimental setting and its results are critically analysed from a social science perspective in order to generate improved research design. Based on the results of this analysis, a first set of methods and instruments from social sciences are identified that can be applied in further experiments. The goal is to develop a methodological toolbox that can be used to approach research on knowledge dynamics in product development.
  • Publication
    Introducing Product Service System Architectures for realizing Circular Economy
    ( 2019)
    Halstenberg, F.A.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Product-Service Systems (PSS) as well as modular products can act as an enabler for Circular Economy (CE). Products and services have to be developed concurrently in order to be attuned properly. In product design, developers have to fulfil various requirements such as functional and cost targets. Integrating requirements regarding CE and developing products and services simultaneously makes their task even more complex and challenging. In concept design, the outline or rough concept of the product is defined. In order to develop functional PSS and to integrate CE goals in the stage of concept design, the authors propose Integrated Product Service Systems Architectures (IPSSAs), which depict physical product architectures and services architectures in one integrated model. This paper presents first findings on how IPSSAs can be realized. An analysis of different modelling notations was conducted and an exemplary application on a use case was performed. The findings lead to further research steps on the path to a method for modularizing PSS for CE.