Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Adaptive Reparatur-Prozesskette

2023-02-11 , Müller, Vinzenz , Mönchinger, Stephan , Colombo, Giovanna Fiocco , Biegler, Max , Rethmeier, Michael

Das additive Fertigungsverfahren Laser-Powder Directed Energy Depositon (LP-DED), kombiniert mit automatisierten Reverse-Engineering-Ansätzen, bietet die Möglichkeit, Bauteile effizient zu reparieren. Durch intelligente Algorithmen können im sogenannten Scangineering 3D-Scandaten von Bauteilen vorverarbeitet, ausgerichtet und parametrisiert werden. Die erkannten geometrischen Defekte werden zur Errechnung der Werkzeugwege für den additiven Aufbau verwendet und mittels des LP-DED-Prozesses aufgeschweißt und repariert. Dabei kommen vor allem die Vorteile der flexiblen Prozessführung, ein hoher Automatisierungsgrad und gute Reproduzierbarkeit zum Tragen.

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Konzept und Lösungen für automatische Produktdatenverwaltung

2023 , Fresemann, Carina

Produktdatenverwaltungssysteme entstanden, um CAD Daten in größeren Unternehmen und deren Kollaborationsumgebung geordnet abzulegen und für die weitere Verwendung zu kennzeichnen. In der Folge wurden die initial geschaffenen Datenbanken um immer weitere Elemente wie Workflow Managementsysteme, das Anforderungs- oder das Projektmanagement erweitert. Der Kern der Applikationen wurde jedoch lediglich in Ansätzen neu konzipiert. Gleichzeitig bieten in der Zwischenzeit verfügbare IT-Methoden des Maschinellen Lernens und der natürlichen Sprachverarbeitung Potentiale, um konventionelle Datenverwaltungssysteme neu zu gestalten. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die grundlegenden Bedarfe und Aufgaben innerhalb des PDM Systems durch Maschinelles Lernen und natürliche Sprachverarbeitung zu automatisieren. Die Autorin bettet diese exemplarisch angewendeten Technologien in ein Gesamtkonzept ein. Die Arbeit fokussiert die Erfassung der Daten aus Sicht von Entwicklungsingenieuren. Damit leistet das neue PDM Konzept einen Beitrag, um die Datenqualität und damit in der Folge die Akzeptanz und Nutzung von PDM Werkzeugen zu verbessern.

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A Practical Approach to Realize a Closed Loop Energy Demand Optimization of Milling Machine Tools in Series Production

2023 , Can, Alperen , Schulz, Hendrik , El-Rahhal, Ali , Thiele, Gregor , Krüger, Jörg

Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for industry. Many approaches for energy efficiency improvements lead to the purchase of new hardware, which could neglect the sustainability. Therefore, optimizing the energy demand of existing machine tools (MT) is a promising approach. Nowadays energy demand optimization of MT in series production is mainly done manually by the operators, based on implicit knowledge gained by experience. This involves manual checks to ensure that production targets like product quality or cycle time are met. With data analytics it is possible to check these production targets autonomously, which allows optimizing production systems data driven. This paper presents the approach and evaluation of a closed loop energy demand optimization of auxiliary units for milling MT during series production. The approach includes, inter alia, a concept for machine connectivity using edge devices and a concept for validating production targets

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Taxonomy for Biological Transformation Principles in the Manufacturing Industry

2023 , Berkhahn, Magda , Kremer, Gerald , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai , Stark, Rainer

Industry and research are seeking answers to current demands in industrial value creation, like resilience of production, sufficient product quality and sustainability of products and processes. A novel line of thought, seeking the accomplishment of those is the Biological Transformation (BT). BT describes the interweaving of biological modes of action, materials and organisms with engineering and information sciences. The conflation of disciplines from natural, technical and social sciences yields in a heterogeneous field of activities with ambiguous technical terms. An ascertainment of principles of BT is required to classify yet undifferentiated patterns in nature-based production, facilitating their systematic implementation in aiming for sustained solutions on current challenges. With increasing research in biomimetic, attempts arise to capture nature‑based activities in manufacturing through schematic classifications. Yet, basic semantics representing the effective principles of BT in the manufacturing industry is lacking. The goal of this publication is to introduce a taxonomy of Biological Transformation in manufacturing based on its core principles Bio Inspiration, Bio Integration and Bio Interaction. Within the research project BioFusion 4.0, the taxonomy was developed and applied to classify technology innovations. The paper presents the taxonomy, its development and application in use cases.

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Historical Paper Documents

2023 , Rögner, Frank-Holm , Schottner, Gerhard , Grählert, Wulf , Gruber, Florian , Fuchs, Theobald , Hügle, Johannes

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Functional Architecture for Solution Independent Realizations of Digital Continuity in System Development

2023 , Manoury, Marvin Michael

Product and service creation requires the interdisciplinary collaboration of different stakeholders. In virtual product and service creation these stakeholders generate models and data to describe the product or service over their entire life cycle. For a reliant product creation and optimization, these models and data need to be consistent through all disciplines and life cycle phases. In this publication, a solution-independent functional architecture to foster the digital continuity across the involved disciplines and life cycle phases is described. To achieve it, existing approaches in literature are evaluated and requirements and desired capabilities extracted. An reduced form of the Architecture Analysis & Design Integrated Approach (ARCADIA) is used to describe a functional architecture. Consecutively, existing solutions are mapped to the architecture and evaluated for compliance.

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Implementing digital twins in existing infrastructures

2023 , Lünnemann, Pascal , Lindow, Kai , Goßlau, Leo

Digital twins can offer various added values for companies. As part of a three-year research project, we are investigating the methodological approach, for building digital twins in existing infrastructures. In particular, the functional requirements of future users will be addressed, as this is less focused in existing approaches. Within the framework of this publication, we discuss the applied methodology as well as the created models and concepts. Initial insights were gained in the simultaneous development of digital twins in parallel projects with use cases for electric motors, production process monitoring and maintenance of gas turbine components. In detail, it becomes clear that software development methods (e.g. use cases, user stories, scenario development) are a good way to describe the expected added value functions. It is essential to involve the future users in the development as early as possible. Transferring the necessary functions identified in this way into a functional architecture shows that this architecture is mostly independent of the use case. Likewise, the IT systems used here hardly vary at all. Overall, it shows that a methodical approach can be followed in the development and the implementation can have a high degree of similarity, even in very different use cases, while the exact design, depending on these use cases, is very diverse.

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Automatisierte Optimierung der Energieeffizienz verschalteter Anlagen durch steuernden Eingriff

2023 , Thiele, Gregor

Industrielle Kälteanlagen bestehen aus verschiedenen Komponenten wie Kühltürmen, Kältemaschinen und Wasserkreisläufen. Über Leitsysteme lassen sich Variablen wie Drücke und Temperaturen einstellen. Die Komponenten einzeln energieeffizient zu fahren, führt nicht zum optimalen Betrieb der gesamten Anlage. Die zunehmende Vernetzung von Maschinen und Anlagen ermöglicht eine übergeordnete Orchestrierung der Teilsysteme, die neue Optimierungsaufgaben mit sich bringt. Mit OptTopo stellt dieses Buch einen Algorithmus vor, der auf Basis verschiedenartiger Modelle der Komponenten die effizientesten Werte für das Gesamtsystem berechnet. Die Berücksichtigung der Topologie verschalteter Systeme birgt Potenziale, das Optimierungsproblem zu reduzieren. Die Untersuchung weist die Machbarkeit des Ansatzes nach und zeigt auf, dass im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Ansätzen nach einmaliger Initialisierung beliebig viele Anforderungen ohne erneute Berechnung bedient werden können.

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Considering LCA in System Architectures of Smart-Circular PSS

2023 , Kruschke, Thomas , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

The realization of smart-circular Product-Service Systems has theoretically promising advantages compared to traditional products. Nevertheless, the sustainability improvement, especially for the ecological dimension is not yet satisfactorily proved. In this paper, the authors examined the current state of research within a systematic literature review with a specific focus on the overlap of the topics: Life Cycle Assessment, Model-Based Systems Engineering, Product-Service Systems, and Circular Economy. The aim is to analyze the potential of a proactive quantification of the ecological impact in an early stage during the development of smart-circular PSS - the system architecture definition. As a result of the systematic review, 27 relevant papers were identified and analyzed and the findings are presented in a structured way. The main finding is that the current state of the art in this research field still is in the conceptualization stage. In addition, a proactive approach is rare and circularity is not considered to its fullest. Quantified use cases do not draw the system boundaries Cradle-to-Cradle and not every of the 9R-strategies is considered. Furthermore, the potentials and challenges of the revealed research gap are summarized.

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Conceptual Approach for a Digital Value Creation Chain Within the Timber Construction Industry - Potentials and Requirements

2023 , Schramm, Nico , Oertwig, Nicole , Kohl, Holger

This paper addresses the megatrend of urbanization as well as the associated challenges of climate change and its relation to sustainable manufacturing. An enormous lever for improving the climate balance is offered by the consistent use of renewable building materials. In the Berlin/Brandenburg metropolitan region, wood as a building material in particular should play a central role in achieving the climate targets. To realize this, it is not only necessary to use the potential of wood as a raw material for storing carbon, but also to embed wood construction in regional value chains and integrated digital production systems in order to be able to optimally design innovative value creation fields, new regional products and efficient material cycles for increasing sustainability. In the context of this work, the information flows along the value chain are investigated and transferred into a digital model. Existing digital concepts such as the “Open BIM” approach (Building Information Modeling) have been incorporated and shape the entirety of the value chain module developed in this paper for serial prefabrication in multi-story timber construction. Material and information flows are analyzed, interfaces between the actors are identified, value-adding factors of timber system construction are systematically examined for their effects, and industrial prefabrication is aligned with a digital model.

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