Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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  • Publication
    Transition to a Circular Economy in Europe through New Business Models: Barriers, Drivers, and Policy Making
    ( 2023)
    Försterling, Gabi
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    Orth, Ronald
    ;
    Gellert, Benjamin
    In recent years, because of global challenges resulting from increased resource shortages and the climate crisis, interest in and the commitment to transition to a more sustainable economic system, especially a circular economy, has increased among scientists, politicians, and practitioners in Europe. To create a system that maintains the value of products as long as possible and minimizes waste, new business models, so-called circular business models (CBMs), are required. So far, as a result of far-reaching barriers, no breakthrough regarding CBMs has been observed and there are a lack of comprehensive analyses on the barriers and drivers of CBMs. Using a systematic literature analysis, this gap was filled and 637 barriers and 394 drivers were extracted from 76 publications, which were categorized into eight areas and synthesized in a comprehensive framework. The results show that an undifferentiated analysis of CBMs could result in incorrect assumptions, as the barriers between them differ. Overall, however, the most significant effect on all CBMs is from external barriers at a macro level. In this paper, drivers, in the form of success factors and political measures, were assigned to concrete barriers, indicating that policy interventions are needed in Europe in order to overcome these barriers and accelerate systematic change. The article provides research, policy, and practice with a theoretically grounded basis for analyzing these barriers and overcoming them.
  • Publication
    Implementing a European KM Approach in a Brazilian Innovation Institute on a Remote Basis
    ( 2022)
    Will, Markus
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    Budde, Felix
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    Orth, Ronald
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    Neumann, Fernanda
    ;
    Santos, Victoria
    This case study paper outlines the approach and experiences gained in a KM project conducted between two continents on a completely remote basis - due to the pandemic in 2021. The project scope comprises the systematic initiation, design and implementation of a comprehensive knowledge management system at an innovation institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The practical business process-oriented KM (BPO-KM) methodology of the Berlin-based Competence Center Knowledge Management at Fraunhofer IPK, was used to define KM goals, to analyze strengths and gaps in knowledge handling and to set up customized KM action programs. Starting with the examination of the institute’s business strategy, the overall KM goals were derived together with the institute’s top management and KM core team. According to the holistic KM approach on the levels "People, Organization, Technology", an online survey ("KM Fitness Check") was conducted with over 100 respondents. The survey results were discussed in an online kick-off workshop in order to prioritize the main strategic and operational KM challenges. In online breakout sessions with different working groups, using collaborative online tools, the knowledge flows inside the institute’s value adding core processes were analyzed in depth ("KM Process Profiles"). In parallel, the KM core team was supported to develop a map of the institute’s crucial knowledge to serve as a common taxonomy for the research groups and administrative functions involved in the KM project, such as HR, IT and project management office. After this initial analysis phase, suitable solutions for the main KM challenges were designed and transformed into three main action programs to start the actual implementation of the institute’s KM system. In a preliminary evaluation, a systemic controlling logic was defined to keep track on results, benefits and impacts of the KM actions regarding the institute’s business strategy. Major learnings, discussed in this paper, include the following findings: a) accompanying change management and communication from the beginning is key to keep motivation high, b) connecting KM to other organizational functions is crucial to anchor KM in the organization, c) remote and online project collaboration bears advantages and drawbacks.
  • Publication
    Identifying the Dynamics of Intangible Resources for Industry 4.0 Adoption Process
    ( 2022)
    Prim, Marcelo Fabricio
    ;
    Oliveira Gomes, Jefferson de
    ;
    Kohl, Holger
    ;
    Orth, Ronald
    ;
    Will, Markus
    ;
    Vargas, Gabriel Bertholdo
    Industry 4.0 is a socioeconomic phenomenon that affects all industries, transforming not only products, processes, and services, but also business models, organizational structures, and strategies, placing human beings at the center of this digital transformation. Researchers have already demonstrated the importance of intangible resources in the Industry 4.0 adoption process. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in empirical research on how these factors evolve during the process. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify how these factors influence each other across different Industry 4.0 maturity levels. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach was used with multiple case studies comparing responses from companies at higher Industry 4.0 maturity levels and contrasting them with the responses from companies at lower levels, distilling aggregate dimensions through an inductive coding procedure. Experts evaluated the results to find relations between the aggregate dimensions, their evolution and influence on each other. As a result, a conceptual framework was developed that demonstrates the dynamics of intangible factors that could be used by any company to nurture its own Intellectual Capital as a groundwork for the adoption of Industry 4.0. Among these dynamics, the central role of engaged leaders was highlighted in developing structural capital factors. Future studies should conduct interviews with more companies from other industrial sectors as well as on the implementation and management of Intellectual Capital in manufacturing companies to assess the applicability of the proposed conceptual framework.
  • Publication
    Deutsche Normungsroadmap Innovative Arbeitswelt
    ( 2021)
    Adolph, Lars
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    Albrecht, Philipp
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    Andersen, Thomas
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    Börkircher, Mikko
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    Meer, Jan de
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    Giertz, Jan-Paul
    ;
    Jeske, Tim
    ;
    Kagerer, Frank
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    Kirchhoff, Britta
    ;
    Klimiont, Thomas
    ;
    Minnerup, Jörg
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    Mühlbradt, Thomas
    ;
    Müssigbrodt, Matthias
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    Orth, Ronald
    ;
    Paproth, Yona
    ;
    Preuße, Christoph
    ;
    Richter, Christian
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    Schumacher, Simon
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    Senderek, Roman
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    Stock, Patricia
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    Tausch, Alina
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    Tegtmeier, Patricia
    ;
    Ullrich, Carsten
    Die von Experten aus Wirtschaft, Entwicklung, Wissenschaft und Politik erarbeitete Normungsroadmap Innovative Arbeitswelt von DIN und DKE analysiert die Arbeitswelten von morgen und betrachtet aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse mit dem Ziel, aufzuzeigen, in welchen Bereichen die Entwicklung der zukünftigen Arbeitswelt durch Normung und Standardisierung vorangetrieben werden kann. In 28 Handlungsempfehlungen beschreibt die Roadmap, wo Normungsbedarf besteht und wo beispielsweise Inhalte konkretisiert werden sollten. Um den Praxisbezug sicherzustellen, beschreibt die Roadmap vier Use Cases aus den Bereichen Produktion und Dienstleistungen. Neben Handlungsempfehlungen für den Normungsbedarf werden auch aktuelle unternehmerische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen betrachtet werden.
  • Publication
    Sustainable Corporate Development: A Resource-Oriented Approach
    ( 2020)
    Orth, Ronald
    ;
    Kohl, Holger
    ;
    Galeitzke, Mila
    Sustainable corporate development can be understood as a strategy that respects not only economic goals but also environmental and social aspects, weigh against each other and thus, ensures the long-term business success. The number of enterprises that are oriented towards corporate sustainability has increased in recent years, but the implementation still encounters a variety of limits. The goal of this chapter is the development of an integrated approach to foster sustainable development on the corporate level. In this context, not only tangible resources (e.g. raw material, energy or machines) but in particular intangible resources (e.g. expertise and professional competence of the employees, corporate culture or relations with stakeholders) are considered key success factors for a sustainable corporate development. For its application, the integrated approach provides a set of instruments and procedures, which can be used for the purpose of analysis, planning, controlling and reporting of sustainable corporate development.
  • Publication
    Sustainability Reporting in German Manufacturing SMEs
    ( 2019)
    Steinhöfel, Erik
    ;
    Galeitzke, Mila
    ;
    Kohl, Holger
    ;
    Orth, Ronald
    This paper investigates how small and medium-sized enterprises from the German manufacturing sector address sustainability issues through the implementation of sustainability reporting. For this purpose, 14 sustainability reports were analyzed with regard to the extent that they apply the framework provided by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), as well as the differences between companies that apply the GRI framework and companies that do not. In addition, indicators and related units that are used to report sustainability are investigated. The findings of this contribution show that there is a general lack of consistency among the considered sustainability reports, which demands for further harmonization of sustainability reporting in order to ensure comparability of sustainability performance across different organizations.
  • Publication
    BMA AG - Der süße Geschmack des Wissensmanagements
    ( 2016)
    Stolte, Hartmut
    ;
    Orth, Ronald
    Die Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG (BMA) wurde 1853, unweit des heutigen Standortes in Braunschweig, gegründet. Die Zuckerindustrie im Braunschweiger Umland expandierte zum damaligen Zeitpunkt sehr stark, so dass bereits frühzeitig eine Spezialisierung auf Ausrüstungen für die Herstellung von Zucker aus Zuckerrüben erfolgte.