Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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  • Publication
    Reifegradmodelle in der Produktentwicklung
    ( 2019)
    Randermann, M.
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    Blüher, T.
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    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    In product development, maturity turity models are a suitable instrument for evaluating and improving the engineering environment. The following literature analysis examines differences and similarities between existing maturity models for product development and analyses them regarding their process areas in which respective quality characteristics for efficient product development projects are located.
  • Publication
    Sustainability in model-based planning and control of global value creation networks
    ( 2017)
    Oertwig, N.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Knothe, T.
    Manufacturing companies are affected by an increasing complexity driven thru fast changing requirements in the global market. To meet the large catalogue of requirements, enterprises are forming global value creation networks and provide services jointly. The existing time pressure and the involvement of many stakeholders results in a demand of methods and tools for a quick configuration of such networks. Beside the management of material, information and money flows the quest of a sustainable corporate development poses a further challenge for the decision makers. The consideration of sustainability in business process management is one approach to take also social, economic and environmental aspects within global value creation networks into account. Reviewing existing modelling techniques shows that the requirements for a fast configuration and an adequate management of sustainability are just insufficiently addressed or are raising the complexity further. This paper will explore capabilities of an enterprise modelling technique which supports an integrated handling of network configuration and sustainability management in a fast and efficient manner.
  • Publication
    Empirical study on status of preparation for ISO 9001:2015
    ( 2017)
    Rybski, C.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Homma, L.
    Purpose: The ISO 9000 family of standards is the most noted standard concerning quality management and its realisation. Over one million organisations are certified according to the requirements of ISO 9001 worldwide. Especially in Europe, this standard has an outstanding status. An ISO certification creates trust between customers, partners and suppliers. In addition, it drives the companies to improve continuously in order to get a recertification.For September 2015, a revision of the ISO 9001:2008 was published. It shows many differences compared to the version of 2008. These changes mean various challenges to companies, which want to get a recertification. A main modification is the risk-based approach, which requires that the companies plan and realise measures to treat risks and chances. Particularly in Europe, the ISO 9001 revision is one of the main topics of discussion in quality management. To investigate the current status how companies in Germany fulfil the additional requirements, and especially the challenge of risk consideration, the division for quality management of the Fraunhofer IPK conducted a study with 1175 participants. The paper will firstly address the changes mentioned and the associated challenges to give a good overview and show that the new ISO 9001:2015 offers the chance to improve for organisations. The main focus of the paper will be to present the results of the study and thereby to show the status of preparation for the new ISO 9001 of German companies of all sizes. Design/methodology/approach: After an introduction to the ISO 9001:2015 and its changes and challenges, the paper follows the same structure as the survey itself. It gives an overview of the demography and results of the study and ends with a conclusion. Findings: Most German companies neither consider themselves well prepared nor do they claim to possess sufficient knowledge about the new requirements included in the revised ISO 9001 standard. The need for action is especially great regarding the new requirements subsumed under the classification of risk-based thinking. The aforementioned applies to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to large companies. Most organisations define risk as the effect of uncertainty with solely negative effects. Therefore, only a minority evaluates both risks and chances instead of only risks. Furthermore, enterprises mostly neglect planning of actions to address identified risks. Only in a few cases, companies do implement trainings to improve their employees' capabilities regarding risk management. The afore-cited applies even though companies consider a lack of experience the main challenge related to the analysis and assessment of risks. Additionally, other newly established requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 are also only fulfilled by a minority of participants. These new requirements include the need for measures to determine the expectations of interested parties and the necessity that modi operandi are implemented which ensure that knowledge is maintained and made available to the extent necessary. Originality/value: The paper considers the study results from different angles and shows the changes and challenges of the ISO 9001:2015.
  • Publication
    Current state of practices in open source product development
    ( 2017)
    Bonvoisin, J.
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    Thomas, L.
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    Mies, R.
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    Gros, C.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    ;
    Samuel, K.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Boujut, J.-F.
    Open source innovation is a well-studied phenomenon of the ICT sector, but its evolution towards the field of tangible hardware product development is a newer phenomenon which remains mostly theoretical. Existing literature has identified that to push existing open source product development (OSPD) practice towards the achievement of high quality complex products, methods and tools adapted to this specific organisation of work are needed. The objective of this article is to explore the practices emerging from OSPD communities in order to support the development of appropriate process support in the future. It reports first observations made during a qualitative and comparative empirical study performed with participants of 23 OSPD projects through semi-directed interviews. Activating a formerly published framework, these observations address four themes: the organizational structure of OSPD's surrounding communities, their design process, their underlying business models and the supporting online tools they use. The preliminary results are delivered to the engineering design and management scientific community as an impulse for further research.
  • Publication
    Methode auf Knopfdruck
    ( 2016)
    Schober, J.
    ;
    Lünnemann, P.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Die Digitalisierung hat längst auch in Produktentstehungsprozessen Einzug gehalten. Nicht alle Qualitätsmethoden sind jedoch für die virtuelle Produktentstehung geeignet. Ein an der TU Berlin entwickeltes Software-Tool ermöglicht es, Qualitätsmethoden gezielt für ein prozessbezogenes Risikomanagement einzusetzen.
  • Publication
    Benefits of a learning factory in the context of lean management for the pharmaceutical industry
    ( 2016)
    Rybski, C.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    The past has shown that the successful implementation of lean in organizations needs employees with sufficient knowledge about methods and principles of lean management. The mediation of these skills during the ongoing production is known as a more efficient concept than other approaches. Consequences could be an additional cost and time pressure. Therefore the Fraunhofer IPK and TU Berlin have developed a training concept, together with a German pharmaceutical company, which makes it possible for the employees to acquire the new knowledge under real conditions and without disruption of production. The paper introduces this concept of a ""Lean Factory"" for pharmacy.
  • Publication
    Mittel gegen die Doppelbelastung
    ( 2016)
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Behmer, F.
    Es wurde eine empirische Untersuchung durchgeführt, um Best Practices in Qualitätsorganisationen deutschsprachiger Unternehmen herauszuarbeiten. Die meisten (79 %) der 411 befragten Unternehmen haben eine funktionale Organisation ihres Qualitätswesens. Über eine Matrix-Organisation verfügen 9 %, während eine divisionale Organisation nur bei 8 % zu finden sind. Die Analyse der Erfolgsfaktoren für die Qualitätsorganisation zeigten, dass vor allem die Nutzung von Kennzahlen bei den Top-Performern deutlich weiter verbreitet ist. Auch der Einsatz itnerdisziplinärer Projektteams ist bei Top-Performern wetier verbreitet. Diese Unternehmen ordnen zudem die Qualitätssicherung weniger häufig der Fertigung zu, sondern dem Qualitätsmanagement. Organisationsänderungen im Qualitätswesen werden in den unterschiedlichen Branchen aus verschiedenen Gründen hervorgerufen. Am meisten werden Qualitätsprobleme und veränderte Kundenwünsche genannt, wbei Qualitätsprobleme gerade bei der Ernährungsindustrie als Ursache genannt werden, währendin der Medizintechnik Kundenwünsche und veränderte Gesetze am häufigsten genannt werden. In der Automobilindustrie und der Kunststoffindustrie wiederum sind der steigende Kostendruck deutliche Ursachen. Organisationsänderungen gehen meist vom Top-Management oder dem mittleren Management aus, häufig auch gemeinsam über mehrere Ebenen. Bei den Reorganistionen setzen die Top-Performer vor allem folgende Instrumente ein: Prozessanalyse, Workshops, Ursache-Wirkungs-Analyse. Proaktive Tools wie Benchmark- oder Roadmaping sowie Szenario-Techniken werden eher seltener angewandt.
  • Publication
    Planning and reorganising quality management organisations - An empirical analysis of current practice
    ( 2016)
    Behmer, F.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    ;
    Hanke, H.
    In order to successfully compete in a high cost environment, enterprises must be highly adaptable to increased market dynamics and customer expectations, as well as shortened product lifecycles. Environmental changes have an immediate effect on organisational structures, making it more and more difficult to master the three basic organisational challenges: granting stability, efficiency and flexibility to put strategy into practice. This results in an organisational problem for quality management, namely that in order to assure high-quality products as a main competitive factor, quality management organisation must be planned and implemented according to dynamic surrounding conditions. Thus, planning and implementing quality-related processes and organisational structures has developed into an essential managerial discipline. This paper presents challenges, motives and success factors of planning and reorganising quality management organisations. An online survey on this topic was conducted between 20 November and 3 December 2014 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Overall, 411 answers were collected. The survey primarily included questions with alternative or selectable answers and, where suitable, a five-stage Likert scale was additionally applied. The gathered data were analysed with descriptive statistical methods and hypothesis testing. A long-term-oriented, pro-active planning approach towards quality structures was found to have a significant impact on appropriate QMO capabilities. However, a gap was discovered between the valuated importance of this active planning approach and current corporate practice. Divisional QMO structures were found superior over functional or matrix structures in terms of capability, planning, and reorganisation. Enterprises that aimed to improve product quality, as well as process quality, and to reduce interface were more successful in their QM reorganisations than those that aimed for cost cutting. The use of certain planning tools also increased success in this matter. Novel technologies and products as well as corporate growth were found to be the biggest challenges. Existing studies focus on general organisational structures. Due to the comparably high number of interfaces and strong product relation of QMO, planning and implementation activities pose a distinct challenge that requires specialised attention. Digitisation will increase the future number of reorganisations in manufacturing. As quality is one of the most important factors for contemporary entrepreneurial success, quality managers must be scientifically supported in order to close the gap between the importance of long-term planning and current practice. This paper contributes with an in-depth analysis.
  • Publication
    Model-based evaluation environment for sustainability
    ( 2015)
    Oertwig, N.
    ;
    Wintrich, N.
    ;
    Jochem, R.
    Nowadays, many companies are using enterprise models within an enterprise planning system to develop their business strategy. In order to follow a holistic sustainability approach, environmental, economic and social aspects have to be integrated into these models on a strategic, tactical and operational level. This results in an increased model complexity and requires mechanisms to ensure consistency and efficient model management. Furthermore, the user is confronted with a variety of data and is not able to perform model validation and verification as well as using the enterprise model as a tool for operational support. This paper presents an approach of a model-based evaluation environment by extending enterprise models with sustainability artefacts, to empower the users within their decision-making towards a sustainable enterprise orientation. A framework for contextual enterprise modelling is applied to provide configurable individual model evaluation and application views.
  • Publication
    Methodology for a competency-based team organization in accordance with ISO 50001
    ( 2015)
    Karcher, Phillip
    ;
    Fritz, N.
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    Rumöller, L.
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    Theiss, T.
    ;
    Jochem, R.