Towards an architecture for pseudonymous e-commerce - applying privacy by design to online shopping

In this paper we apply privacy by design in e-commerce. We outline the requirements of a privacy-aware online shopping platform that satisfies the principle of data minimization and we suggest several architectures for building such a platform. We then compare them according to four dimensions: privacy threats, transparency, usability and compatibility with existing business models. Based on the comparison, we aim to build the selected platform in the next step.