Fraunhofer-Publica
The Fraunhofer-Publica has been successfully documenting the research results of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for over 30 years. The platform enables the collaborative linking of research-relevant objects and disseminates within the international scientific community.
The Fraunhofer-Publica thus fulfils its responsibility to promote the transfer of knowledge and know-how to industry and society.
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Research outputs
As an application-oriented research organisation, Fraunhofer aims to conduct highly innovative and solution-oriented research - for the benefit of society and to strengthen the German and European economy.
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Projects
Fraunhofer is tackling the current challenges facing industry head on. By pooling their expertise and involving industrial partners at an early stage, the Fraunhofer Institutes involved in the projects aim to turn original scientific ideas into marketable products as quickly as possible.
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Researchers
Scientific achievement and practical relevance are not opposites - at Fraunhofer they are mutually dependent. Thanks to the close organisational links between Fraunhofer Institutes and universities, science at Fraunhofer is conducted at an internationally first-class level.
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Institutes
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the leading organisation for applied research in Europe. Institutes and research facilities work under its umbrella at various locations throughout Germany.
Recent Additions
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PublicationIEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society Membership and Geographic Activities: Women in Microwaves Subcommittee [Women in Microwaves]( 2024-05)In this column, we would like to provide you with a recent update on the activities of the Women in Microwaves (WIM) subcommittee within the IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society (MTT-S) Membership and Geographic Activities. WIM is dedicated to establishing an inclusive network of women in the field of microwaves that attracts, scales, and connects. We do that by promoting women engineers/scientists in the microwave community, attracting women graduate students and professionals to join MTT-S, and increasing the visibility of women within MTT-S.
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PublicationResidual encoding framework to compress DNN parameters for fast transfer( 2023-07-24)Efficient communication is significant for federated learning and DNN model deployment. However, transferring hundreds of millions of DNN parameters over networks with limited bandwidth results in long communication delays or even data losses. To alleviate or even remove the communication bottleneck, efficient methods for parameter compression can be applied. Inspired by video encoding, which exploits inter-frame similarity for compression, we investigate the strong temporal correlations of parameter updates in two near epochs of the DNN model and introduce a model parameter residual encoding framework. By transmitting encoded residual between model parameters in two near epochs, the receiver can reconstruct new model parameters and finish the updates with less communication cost. Furthermore, with respect to our framework, we develop lossless and lossy model parameter compression methods and demonstrate them on popular classification and detection networks. The results show that the lossless method can compress the data size of the parameters to less than 90%, and the lossy method can shrink the parameter size to less than 50% with a fair low loss. Our source code is released at https://github.com/zhouliguo/DNN_param_encode.
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PublicationRecycling of solid-state batteries( 2024)Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are expected to provide higher energy densities, faster charging performance and greater safety than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Introducing a solid electrolyte (SE) results in changes in materials, manufacturing processes and cell characteristics. Compared to LIBs, however, there is a limited understanding of the recyclability of SSBs. Here we review the present strategies for indirect recycling of various SSBs, such as resynthesis, and direct recycling, such as reconditioning, focusing on promising SEs including oxides, sulfides/thiophosphates/halides and polymers. We consider the recycling routes adapted to different SEs, consisting of pretreatment as well as mechanical and metallurgical processes. Future recycling solutions will need to meet the demands for robust, energy-efficient methods with minimal environmental impact, while delivering high recycling rates and good secondary material quality.
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PublicationMulti-Layered Satellite Communications Systems for Ultra-High Availability and Resilience( 2024)Satellite communications systems provide a means to connect people and devices in hard-to-reach locations. Traditional geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems and low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, having their own strengths and weaknesses, have been used as separate systems serving different markets and customers. In this article, we analyze how satellite systems in different orbits could be integrated together and used as a multi-layer satellite system (MLSS) to improve communication services. The optimization concerns combining the strengths of different layers that include a larger coverage area as one moves up by each layer of altitude and a shorter delay as one moves down by each layer of altitude. We review the current literature and market estimates and use the information to provide a thorough assessment of the economic, regulatory, and technological enablers of the MLSS. We define the MLSS concept and the architecture and describe our testbed and the simulation tools used as a comprehensive engineering proof-of-concept. The validation results confirm that the MLSS approach can intelligently exploit the smaller jitter of GEO and shorter delay of LEO connections, and it can increase the availability and resilience of communication services. As a main conclusion, we can say that multi-layered networks and the integration of satellite and terrestrial segments seem very promising candidates for future 6G systems.
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PublicationHierarchical Clock Synchronization in MPI( 2018)MPI benchmarks are used for analyzing or tuning the performance of MPI libraries. Generally, every MPI library should be adjusted to the given parallel machine, especially on supercomputers. System operators can define which algorithm should be selected for a specific MPI operation, and this decision which algorithm to select is usually made after analyzing bench-mark results. The problem is that the latency of communication operations in MPI is very sensitive to the chosen data acquisition and data processing method. For that reason, depending on how the performance is measured, system operators may end up with a completely different MPI library setup. In the present work, we focus on the problem of precisely measuring the latency of collective operations, in particular, for small payloads, where external experimental factors play a significant role. We present a novel clock synchronization algorithm, which exploits the hierarchical architecture of compute clusters, and we show that it outperforms previous approaches, both in run-time and in precision. We also propose a different scheme to obtain precise MPI run-time measurements (called Round-Time), which is based on given, fixed time slices, as opposed to the traditional way of measuring for a predefined number of repetitions. We also highlight that the use of MPI_Barrier has a significant effect on experimentally determined latency values of MPI collectives. We argue that MPI_Barrier should be avoided if the average run-time of the barrier function is in the same order of magnitude as the run-time of the MPI function to be measured.
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PublicationCharacterization of self-cleaning properties on superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces fabricated by direct laser writing and direct laser interference patterning( 2020)Self-cleaning ability on technical surfaces can increase the added value of a product. A common path to achieve this property is making the surface superhydrophobic so that water droplets can roll down, picking up dirt particles. In this contribution, the self-cleaning efficiency of Al surfaces structured with direct laser writing (DLW), direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and a combination of both technologies was quantitatively determined. This was performed by developing a characterization method, where the treated samples are firstly covered with either MnO2 or polyamide micro-particles, then tilted by 15° and 30° and finally washed applying up to nine water droplets (10 µl) over the contaminated surfaces. Then, an optical analysis by image processing of the remaining contamination particles on the textured surfaces was realized after each droplet rolled over the surface. The DLIP textures showed the best performance, allowing the removal of more than 90% of the particles after just three droplets were released. High-speed videos and scanning electron microscopy characterization allowed a deeper understanding on the cleaning behavior and on the relationship between surface microstructure and particle size and shape.