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2015
Journal Article
Titel
m-Raman spectroscopy and FE-modeling for TSV-Stress-characterization
Abstract
In this paper thermo-mechanical stresses generated by TSV annealing are the center of interest. For this reason TSV die samples underwent annealing at 250 °C for 2 h. In order to characterize the stress state after annealing m-Raman spectroscopy (mRS) line scans were carried out subsequently using a 442 nm laser. Then the respective spectra were fitted with a Lorentz function and the associated peak shifts were calculated. In general these results can be used to identify regions of mechanical tension. Unfortunately, mRS results do not allow any differentiation of the stress tensor components. Therefore a finite element model was developed to determine the stress tensor components after annealing. The FE-model was supplemented by a Matlab script, which converted stress data from simulation into Raman shifts using a general hypothesis. Further on physical aspects like penetration depth and laser spot size were taken into account. So the evaluation moved from single node results to a constrained section similar to the laser excited region in a mRS measurement. Proceeding this way allowed the adaption of FE results to mRS measurement properties. This enabled a bilateral validation of measurement and simulation. In summary our paper contributes valuable results for the TSV stress characterization and demonstrates further progress in mRS measurements in combination with FEM.