Atmospheric nitration of phenols in clouds by N2O5 and ClNO2

Conclusions: Nitrophenols can be formed from phenols in the troposphere during night time chemistry by reaction involving NO2+ in the aqueous phase (clouds, fog, deliquescent sea spray). Other aromatic species are likely to also be nitrated in the troposphere. Nitration efficiencies are enhanced in alkaline solutions (i.e. sea-spray droplets or aerosol under NH3 influence). Chlorinated aromatics might be formed in the troposphere in the presence of NOx and chloride containing aerosol (i.e. sea spray) via ClNO2.