The validation of hydrocodes for orbital debris impact simulation

Orbital debris poses a danger for spacecraft in orbit. Protection against this threat is obtained by shielding. One or more sheets placed at some distance from the structure to be protected can minimize the damage inflicted by projectiles at high velocity. The range of velocity between 0 and 8 km/s is well covered by tests. Unfortunately, the average velocity of debris in low earth orbit is above 10 km/s with a maximum velocity around 15 km/s. The methodology presented in this page is aimed at validating the numerical aproach. It will predict and extrapolate the behaviour of multishock shields in the velocity range between 8 and 15 km/s. The formation of the debris cloud, after perforation of the shields on the one hand and the generation and propagation of damage in the backwall on the other hand, is a key factor. It is examined, discussed and illustrated with correlation between numerical simulation, analytical formulae and test results.