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1997
Journal Article
Titel
Titanium monophosphide (TiP) layers as potential diffusion barriers
Abstract
By annealing titanium nitride (TiN) layers in phosphine (PH3) at 450 degrees C, top layers of pure titanium monophosphide (TiP) could be deposited. The TiP phase and the structure as a double layer of TiP on TiN could be identified unambiguously by AES, XRD and cross-sectional TEM. TiN was deposited on silicon by means of an RTCVD-process (rapid thermal CVD) with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ammonia (NH3) as precursors. The subsequent annealing step in PH3 followed immediately in the same reactor. The TiCl4-precursor required for the additional deposition is assumed to be delivered by the fraction adsorbed at the reactor walls during the previous deposition step of TiN. The synthesis of TiP at temperatures as low as 450 degrees C is unique so far. Processes for the preparation of TiP, as far as are described in the literature, presuppose temperatures above 750 degrees C and the presence of catalysts. The TiP top layer has a very low resistivity compared with TiN, seals the whole stack against oxygen uptake and its roughness is lower than that of TiN. These properties suggest excellent suitability of these bilayers as a potential diffusion barrier for Al/W-metallization.
Tags
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annealing
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auger effect
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catalysis
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chemical vapour deposition
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diffusion barriers
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electrical conductivity
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integrated circuit interconnections
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integrated circuit metallisation
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integrated circuit testing
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rapid thermal processing
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surface topography
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titanium compounds
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transmisstion electron microscopy
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x-ray diffraction