Electric vehicles market penetration forecasts and scenarios: A review and outlook

This paper is a review of the existing literature aiming at summarizing the main scenarios about electric vehicles market penetration over the next forty years. Some key questions are dealt with through the answers provided by the literature. Hybrid vehicles will be the most promising electric vehicles in the next years, while hydrogen ones will have the worst market penetration. Electric vehicles adoption strongly depends on purchase and gasoline prices, while incentive policies have only a limited influence. Driving range and charging infrastructures can also play a key role in the electric vehicles diffusion.