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1996
Journal Article
Titel
In situ observation of the self-alignment during FC-bonding under vacuum with and without H2
Abstract
With an in situ observation during flip-chip bonding under vacuum conditions, we demonstrate in this letter that accurate passive alignment can only be achieved when the oxide on the solder is removed. For this purpose, we used molecular hydrogen (H2) under vacuum conditions, in order to prevent the negative side effects when using fluxes or fluxlike chemicals. With this new, fluxless technology, we achieved at moderate bonding temperatures [e.g., 250 degrees C for SnPb(60/40)] and heating durations (<2 min) self-aligned FC-bonds well within 2 mu m residual offset. Using evaporated SnPb(60/40) and AuSn(80/20) solder bumps, FC-bonding experiments in vacuum (10-4 Pa) showed spontaneous alignment within 5 s but the accuracy of alignment for both solders was nevertheless always insufficient to meet the required tolerances for single-mode fiber-to-chip coupling.
Tags
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flip-chip devices
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integrated circuit metallisation
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integrated optoelectronics
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measurement errors
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optical fabrication
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optical fibre couplers
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in situ observation
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self-alignment
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fc-bonding
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vacuum
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h2
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flip-chip bonding
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accurate passive alignment
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solder oxide removal
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molecular hydrogen
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negative side effects
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fluxlike chemicals
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fluxless technology
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moderate bonding temperatures
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snpb(60/40)
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heating durations
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ausn(80/20) solder bumps
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self-aligned fc-bonds
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spontaneous alignment
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alignment accuracy
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chip optical fiber coupling
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250 c
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2 min
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5 s
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snpb
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ausn