Millimeter-wave propagation over sea in tropical regions

In the framework of a cooperative program between Singapore and Germany, radar propagation measurements over sea were carried out in the tropical area of Singapore Strait. The data have been analyzed and propagation models have been tested using the relevant environmental information. It turned out that the tropical atmospheric conditions were considerably different to those of moderate climate areas, such as the Baltic Sea or the North Sea. The paper describes the experimental approach and discusses results of tropical conditions compared to those of European coastal environments.